Slovak nouns decline across seven cases

Slovak is an inflected language, meaning the endings of nouns, adjectives, and some pronouns and numerals change depending on their grammatical role in a sentence. Which ending a word takes is determined by three factors: gender, number, and case.

Gender

Slovak has three grammatical genders — masculine, feminine, and neuter — though masculine is further divided into animate (people and animals) and inanimate (objects and concepts), giving four practical categories. Gender is a property of the noun itself, not necessarily tied to biological sex, and must be learned with each noun.

Examples:

• Animate masculine: chlap (man), otec (father)
• Inanimate masculine: dub (oak), stroj (machine)
• Feminine: žena (woman), kniha (book)
• Neuter: mesto (city), dieťa (child)

Number

Slovak nouns are either singular or plural. The plural is not simply adding an -s as in English — the ending changes entirely depending on the gender and case of the noun, which is why declension tables show every combination.

Cases

Slovak has seven cases. Each one marks the grammatical role a noun plays in the sentence. Because the endings carry this information, word order in Slovak is flexible in ways English is not.

Note: Nominative and Accusative share the same question words (Kto/Čo) but serve opposite roles — Nominative is the doer, Accusative is the receiver. Locative is the only case that never appears without a preposition.

I should come back and source the resources for this note which mostly consist of wikipedia.

There are four grammatical genders in Slovak: animate masculine, inanimate masculine, feminine, and neuter. The first two are often covered under common masculine gender.

1. All Slovak nouns and adjectives, as well as some pronouns and numerals are either masculine, feminine, or neuter
2. Numbers can either be singular or plural (not too sure what this means for now)
3. Cases, Need to elaborate here on this more.

Want to farm up some basic examples of all of these

N, G, D, A, L, I

1. Nominative case (N) = the subject; the basic form of the word; answers the questions Who or What

2. Genitive case (G) = answers the questions “of whom” or “of what”; like ownership

3. Dative case (D) = answers the questions “to whom” or “to what”; to x

4. Accusative case (A) = the direct object; answers the questions “whom” or “what”

5. Locative case (L) = location;

6. Instrumental case (I) = answers the questions “by whom” or “by what” e.g. “written by the father”

The Masculine Gender

https://slovake.eu/grammar/classes/noun